The boss of Venezuelan state shipowner PDV Marina has been arrested along with 30 tanker crew members in a fuel smuggling probe.
At least 38 workers were detained in total as the government accused them of "treason".
The staff include some from PDV Marina parent PDVSA, the country's national oil company.
The moves were confirmed by Venezuelan interior minister Nestor Reverol, who said on live television: “This is not simply an act of diverting fuel.