Shipping’s use of fractured and dated computer systems has left the gates wide open for cyber attacks on ships, the Capital Link conference was told.

Mark O’Neil, chief executive of maritime services group Columbia, said mergers and consolidation within the industry had brought together ill-suited legacy systems with weak cyber defences.

“They’re not just cracks for hackers to get in — these are wide open gates,” O’Neil told a session at the London conference on shipping.