Adding an extra port outside the European Union or sailing first to a neighbouring non-EU terminal could be significantly financially beneficial in evading the EU emissions trading system (ETS), a report commissioned for the Port of Rotterdam shows.
The report, produced by Dutch analyst CE Delft, concludes that evasive behaviour is realistic, even when the ETS price is relatively low compared to the extra costs of a port call, fuel prices and operational costs in a majority of cases.
